In a prospective observational study of 355 adult patients after video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS), the overall incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) within 72 hours was 19.44% (69/355).[2] PONV occurred significantly more frequently in women (84.06% of cases) than in men (15.94%, P < 0.001).[2] The highest incidence was in the postoperative care unit (PACU) at 17.96%, followed by the day of surgery (7.89%) and postoperative day 1 (POD1, 7.61%).[2] The incidence decreased to 0.85% on POD2 and 1.41% on POD3, with the most severe episodes occurring on the day of surgery (17.86%) and POD1 (22.22%).[2] Multivariate analysis identified four independent risk factors: female sex, preoperative erector spinae plane block (ESPB), failure to administer preoperative steroids, and low intraoperative minimum mean arterial pressure (MAP).[2]