Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is a neuromodulation technique that protects organs by activating cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathways and modulating the autonomic nervous system. According to the paper, VNS can reduce the inflammatory response induced by surgical stress by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway through the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. This method has the potential to reduce the need for opioids in the treatment of postoperative pain and speed up the recovery of patients after surgery. The article examines possible applications of VNS in the perioperative period, including preoperative anxiety management, intraoperative adjuvant anesthesia, and prevention of postoperative complications. Research suggests promising results in cardiac, abdominal and neurosurgical procedures. Despite these positive findings, the article emphasizes that the widespread clinical integration of VNS requires further rigorous scientific investigation.