A retrospective cohort study investigated the association between β-adrenergic receptor blocker use and all-cause mortality in adult patients with sepsis-associated rhabdomyolysis (SAR). Data were obtained from the MIMIC-IV database and included a pre-score-matched cohort of 1,194 patients and a propensity score-matched cohort of 584 patients. Using propensity score matching (PSM) analysis in a ratio of 1:1, a significant difference in hospital mortality was found. The use of β-blockers was significantly associated with lower all-cause hospital mortality. Multivariable analysis adjusted for confounding factors, while sensitivity analyzes on the entire cohort and excluding patients with specific comorbidities confirmed this association. Subgroup analyzes demonstrated the robustness of the results. The study concludes that the use of β-blockers is associated with lower mortality in patients with SAR, but prospective studies are needed to confirm.