This population-based cohort study examined changes in the diagnosis of 19 long-term conditions in England between April 2016 and November 2024 using the OpenSAFELY platform, which analyzes data from primary care and hospital admissions.[1] During the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a sharp decline in newly recorded diagnoses, followed by a variable recovery.[1] By November 2024, cumulative reductions in diagnoses for some conditions remained evident – depression saw 734,800 fewer diagnoses (27.7% less than expected), asthma 152,900 fewer diagnoses (16.4%), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 90,100 fewer diagnoses (15.8%).[1] In contrast, diagnoses of chronic kidney disease increased by 34.8% above expected levels during the recovery period, corresponding to 359,000 additional diagnoses.[1] Analyzes stratified by ethnicity and socioeconomic status indicated differential patterns of recovery, particularly among people with dementia, where diagnosis rates increased above pre-pandemic levels in people of white ethnicity and in less deprived areas, but not in people of other ethnicities and more disadvantaged areas.[1] The study highlights the potential of near-real-time monitoring of disease epidemiology using routinely collected health data to improve case detection and investigate health care disparities.[1]