Re-defining professionalism in medicine in an era of rapid change: a modified Delphi study

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Source: Frontiers Medicine

Original: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2025.1686745...

Published: 2026-01-20T00:00:00Z

The study used a modified Delphi approach with 39 medical education professionals from eight US medical schools in three survey rounds and one face-to-face meeting. Experts rated 51 behavior-based items in four domains: commitments to patients, colleagues, institutions/society, and self. Items were categorized as “necessary,” “important but not essential,” or “not important,” with a consensus of 70% agreement. They reached consensus on 24 core elements that emphasize patient-centered care, ethical practices, equitable care, communication, and cultural humility. The items on doctors' self-sacrifice, clothing and social justice did not reach consensus. The framework provides educators with practical guidelines for teaching, reflection and assessment in a variety of educational settings.