Glomerular hyperfiltration (GHF) defined by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) is considered a risk factor, but its precise definition and prognostic value are unclear. The study systematically searched the PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library databases and included 17 cohort studies with 11,563,332 participants. The 95th percentile eGFR values in healthy subjects ranged from 94.7 to 146.7 mL/min/1.73 m². GHF was significantly associated with an increased risk of death from any cause (HR 1.30; 95% CI 1.18–1.42) and new-onset albuminuria (HR 1.43; 95% CI 1.05–1.93), but not with cardiovascular disease. Individual studies have suggested an association of GHF with a rapid decline in eGFR, dementia, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. eGFR can be skewed without chronic kidney disease (CKD), but extremely high values signal risks; the study provides reference values for Chinese and American populations and calls for further prospective studies.