The study retrospectively evaluated 126 hospitalized patients with bloodstream infection caused by multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacilli in 2022. Thirty-six patients died within 30 days, representing a mortality rate of 28.6%. As many as 32 of 36 deaths (88.9%) were associated with carbapenem-resistant bacilli. The most frequently isolated bacteria were Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae. According to univariate analysis, mortality was 13.2 times higher in patients with carbapenem-resistant bacilli and 4.2 times higher in patients with A. baumannii infection. Major factors associated with mortality within 30 days included age ≥ 46 years, infection with carbapenem-resistant bacillus, ineffective empiric antibiotic therapy, and septic shock. Ineffective empiric treatment was an independent predictor of death with a hazard ratio of 10.2. Mortality was closely related to the high incidence of carbapenem-resistant strains, especially A. baumannii (CRAB).