Retinal venous occlusion (RVO) is the second most common vascular disease of the retina, and persistent macular edema after RVO is the main cause of visual impairment. The study retrospectively compared 51 patients with RVO and 54 age- and sex-matched healthy controls, evaluating ocular findings and blood laboratory parameters. There was no difference in fasting glucose, total cholesterol or LDL cholesterol levels between the groups (p > 0.05). Patients with RVO had significantly higher triglycerides than controls (p < 0.0001). Triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, calculated from fasting glucose and triglyceride levels, was also significantly increased in patients with RVO (p < 0.0001). Multivariate logistic regression showed that a higher TyG index was strongly associated with the presence of RVO even after adjusting for age and gender (OR = 48.21; 95% CI: 7.19–323.41; p < 0.001). The TyG index achieved an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.819 with a sensitivity of 72.55% and a specificity of 83.33% in differentiating patients with RVO from controls. The authors conclude that the TyG index is elevated in patients with RVO and may serve as an important predictive biomarker for identifying persons at risk of developing RVO.