The study followed 90 emergency patients with acute chest pain admitted in 2022–2023 who were randomized to a usual nursing care group and an optimized emergency nursing process group. The optimized process led to a shorter rescue and hospitalization time (p < 0.01). Rescue success was higher in the optimized group, 97.78% versus 82.22% in the control group (p = 0.013). Pain intensity measured by VAS was lower in the optimized group 30, 60, 120 and 240 minutes after rescue than in the control group (p < 0.01). The incidence of adverse reactions was lower in the optimized group (4.44% vs. 20.00%; p = 0.024). After treatment, patients in the optimized group had lower both anxiety (SAS) and depression (SDS) scores (p < 0.01). Patient satisfaction with nursing care was higher in the group with the optimized process (p < 0.01).