According to a 2025 report by the Gates Foundation, the number of children dying before age 5 is expected to rise by more than 200,000 this year, to about 4.8 million, the first increase this century after a quarter century of decline[1][2]. This increase is attributed to a significant reduction in international health financing, which fell by 26.9% in 2025 compared to 2024[1]. Most deaths are expected in regions of Africa and South Asia, where children die from vaccine-preventable or treatment-preventable diseases, such as pneumonia and malaria[1]. Modeling by the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) warns that if funding cuts of 20-30% continue, an additional 12-16 million children could die by 2045[1][3]. The report emphasizes that rapid progress in medicine and targeted investments can save millions of children's lives and prevent this negative trend[2][3]. Since 2000, more than 1.2 billion children have been vaccinated through the Gavi Alliance, which has significantly contributed to the reduction of child mortality[1]. According to the report, every dollar invested in vaccines generates 54 dollars in economic and social benefits[1].