The study investigated the effect of composition, viscosity, ultrasound frequency and ROI depth on the Young's modulus of a viscoelastic model using the shear wave elastography technique. Samples were prepared from gelatin, fructose and milk powder with different concentrations. At the same frequency and ROI depth, there were no statistically significant differences in Young's modulus between models with different compositions (p > 0.05). For pure gelatin models, differences in Young's modulus were statistically significant at different frequencies and ROI depths (p < 0.05). At a frequency of 8 MHz and a ROI depth of 3 cm, differences in Young's modulus were statistically significant for all model groups. Frequency had a significantly negative effect on Young's modulus (regression coefficient −0.488, p < 0.01), while ROI depth had a significantly positive effect (regression coefficient 0.480, p < 0.01). The viscosity and composition of the model can be adjusted flexibly. Factors such as compositional heterogeneity, frequency, and depth of the region of interest affect the Young's modulus of the viscoelastic model.