The ECDC has updated key information on the effectiveness and safety of vaccines used in the EU. Vaccines are evaluated transparently and independently of commercial interests. The evaluation includes both pre-approval and post-marketing scientific analyses. The effectiveness of vaccines is measured by their ability to reduce the risk of disease, complications and hospitalisation. The safety of vaccines is monitored continuously, including monitoring of side effects. Vaccines approved in the EU must meet strict quality, efficacy and safety requirements. Information on vaccines is regularly updated according to the latest scientific evidence.